From 7c93ead6284e543fbdb998d478090c1742e5e6b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 13:12:25 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] refactor: improve types in the frontend, misc fixes (#39142)

---
 tools/generate-svg.ts                         |  4 +-
 web_src/js/components/ActionRunJobView.vue    | 13 ++-
 .../js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue    | 14 ++-
 web_src/js/components/ContextPopup.vue        |  4 +-
 web_src/js/components/DashboardRepoList.vue   | 13 ++-
 .../js/components/PullRequestMergeForm.vue    | 58 +++++++++----
 web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue      | 31 ++++++-
 .../js/components/RepoActivityTopAuthors.vue  | 10 +--
 web_src/js/components/RepoContributors.vue    | 85 ++++++++++++-------
 web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue       | 14 ++-
 web_src/js/external-render-helper.ts          |  2 +-
 web_src/js/features/admin/config.ts           |  4 +-
 web_src/js/features/admin/selfcheck.ts        |  2 +-
 web_src/js/features/common-button.ts          | 13 +--
 .../js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts   | 66 +++++++-------
 .../js/features/comp/EasyMDEToolbarActions.ts | 11 ++-
 web_src/js/features/comp/EditorUpload.ts      | 12 +--
 web_src/js/features/comp/TextExpander.ts      | 17 ++--
 web_src/js/features/dropzone.ts               | 18 ++--
 web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts         |  2 +-
 web_src/js/features/ref-issue.ts              |  2 +-
 web_src/js/features/repo-diff-commit.ts       |  9 +-
 web_src/js/features/repo-findfile.ts          |  2 +-
 web_src/js/features/repo-home.ts              | 12 ++-
 web_src/js/features/repo-issue-content.ts     |  5 +-
 web_src/js/features/repo-issue-list.ts        | 11 ++-
 web_src/js/features/repo-issue-pull.ts        |  5 +-
 web_src/js/features/repo-issue-sidebar.ts     |  5 +-
 web_src/js/features/repo-issue.ts             |  5 +-
 web_src/js/features/repo-new.ts               |  2 +-
 web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts              |  2 +-
 web_src/js/globals.d.ts                       | 19 +++--
 web_src/js/modules/fetch-action.ts            |  2 +-
 web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts                |  2 +-
 web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts       | 61 ++++++++-----
 web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts          |  8 +-
 web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts     |  2 +-
 web_src/js/render/plugin.ts                   |  2 +-
 web_src/js/types.ts                           | 22 ++++-
 web_src/js/utils.test.ts                      |  4 +-
 web_src/js/utils.ts                           | 14 +--
 web_src/js/utils/dom.ts                       |  4 +-
 web_src/js/utils/func.ts                      |  2 +-
 web_src/js/utils/match.ts                     |  4 +-
 web_src/js/utils/time.ts                      |  2 +-
 web_src/js/webcomponents/relative-time.ts     |  8 +-
 46 files changed, 392 insertions(+), 217 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/generate-svg.ts b/tools/generate-svg.ts
index 004ed520425..2b3d3ae745a 100755
--- a/tools/generate-svg.ts
+++ b/tools/generate-svg.ts
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ function processAssetsSvgFiles(pattern: string, opts: Opts = {}) {
   return glob(pattern).map((path) => processAssetsSvgFile(path, opts));
 }
 
-function lowercaseKeys(obj: Record<string, any>) {
-  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(obj).map(([key, value]) => [key.toLowerCase(), value]));
+function lowercaseKeys<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(obj: T): T {
+  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(obj).map(([key, value]) => [key.toLowerCase(), value])) as T;
 }
 
 async function processMaterialFileIcons() {
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/ActionRunJobView.vue b/web_src/js/components/ActionRunJobView.vue
index ac06e6ab88a..6217db219e5 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/ActionRunJobView.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/ActionRunJobView.vue
@@ -25,6 +25,17 @@ function isLogElementInViewport(el: Element, {extraViewPortHeight}={extraViewPor
   return 0 <= rect.bottom && rect.bottom <= window.innerHeight + extraViewPortHeight;
 }
 
+export type ActionRunJobViewLocale = {
+  status: Record<ActionsStatus, string>,
+  showTimeStamps: string,
+  showLogSeconds: string,
+  showFullScreen: string,
+  logsAlwaysAutoScroll: string,
+  logsAlwaysExpandRunning: string,
+  downloadLogs: string,
+  copyOutput: string,
+};
+
 type Step = {
   summary: string,
   duration: string,
@@ -84,7 +95,7 @@ const props = defineProps<{
   store: ActionRunViewStore,
   jobId: number;
   actionsViewUrl: string;
-  locale: Record<string, any>;
+  locale: ActionRunJobViewLocale;
 }>();
 const store = props.store;
 const {currentRun: run} = toRefs(store.viewData);
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue b/web_src/js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue
index efd2c79e9be..eb488502494 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue
@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import WorkflowGraph from './WorkflowGraph.vue';
+import WorkflowGraph, {type WorkflowGraphLocale} from './WorkflowGraph.vue';
 import type {ActionRunViewStore} from './ActionRunView.ts';
 import {computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, toRefs} from 'vue';
 import {trString} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
+import type {ActionsStatus} from '../modules/gitea-actions.ts';
 
 defineOptions({
   name: 'ActionRunSummaryView',
 });
 
+export type ActionRunSummaryViewLocale = WorkflowGraphLocale & {
+  status: Record<ActionsStatus, string>,
+  statusLabel: string,
+  totalDuration: string,
+  artifactsTitle: string,
+  triggeredVia: string,
+  rerunTriggered: string,
+};
+
 const props = defineProps<{
   store: ActionRunViewStore;
-  locale: Record<string, any>;
+  locale: ActionRunSummaryViewLocale;
   artifactCount: number;
 }>();
 
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/ContextPopup.vue b/web_src/js/components/ContextPopup.vue
index f2ba9985b01..0f35e9ee987 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/ContextPopup.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/ContextPopup.vue
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import {getIssueColorClass, getIssueIcon} from '../features/issue.ts';
 import {computed} from 'vue';
 import type {Issue} from '../types.ts';
 
+const {appSubUrl} = window.config;
+
 const props = defineProps<{
   issue?: Issue | null,
   renderedLabels?: string,
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ const body = computed(() => {
   <div class="tw-p-4">
     <div v-if="issue" class="tw-flex tw-flex-col tw-gap-2">
       <div class="tw-text-12">
-        <a :href="issue.repository.html_url" class="muted">{{ issue.repository.full_name }}</a>
+        <a :href="`${appSubUrl}/${issue.repository.full_name}`" class="muted">{{ issue.repository.full_name }}</a>
         on {{ createdAt }}
       </div>
       <div class="flex-text-block">
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/DashboardRepoList.vue b/web_src/js/components/DashboardRepoList.vue
index 7798628571f..c620e89900b 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/DashboardRepoList.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/DashboardRepoList.vue
@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ type DashboardRepo = {
 
 type CommitStatus = 'pending' | 'success' | 'error' | 'failure' | 'warning' | 'skipped';
 
+type WebSearchRepo = {
+  repository: DashboardRepo,
+  latest_commit_status: {
+    State: CommitStatus,
+    TargetURL: string,
+  } | null,
+  locale_latest_commit_status: string,
+};
+
 type CommitStatusMap = {
   [status in CommitStatus]: {
     name: SvgName,
@@ -263,7 +272,7 @@ async function searchRepos() {
   const searchedURL = searchURL.value;
   const searchedQuery = searchQuery.value;
 
-  let response: Response, json: any;
+  let response: Response, json: {data: WebSearchRepo[]};
   try {
     const firstLoad = reposTotalCount.value === null;
     // independent of the search, so both requests go out together
@@ -293,7 +302,7 @@ async function searchRepos() {
   }
 
   if (searchedURL === searchURL.value) {
-    repos.value = json.data.map((webSearchRepo: any) => {
+    repos.value = json.data.map((webSearchRepo) => {
       return {
         ...webSearchRepo.repository,
         latest_commit_status_state: webSearchRepo.latest_commit_status?.State, // if latest_commit_status is null, it means there is no commit status
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/PullRequestMergeForm.vue b/web_src/js/components/PullRequestMergeForm.vue
index fee1923a987..5c3440473c8 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/PullRequestMergeForm.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/PullRequestMergeForm.vue
@@ -3,27 +3,55 @@ import {computed, onMounted, onUnmounted, shallowRef, watch} from 'vue';
 import SvgIcon from './SvgIcon.vue';
 import {toggleElem} from '../utils/dom.ts';
 
+type MergeStyle = {
+  name: string,
+  allowed: boolean,
+  textDoMerge: string,
+  mergeTitleFieldText?: string,
+  mergeMessageFieldText?: string,
+  hideMergeMessageTexts?: boolean,
+  hideAutoMerge: boolean,
+};
+
+type MergeForm = {
+  allOverridableChecksOk: boolean,
+  baseLink: string,
+  canMergeNow: boolean,
+  defaultDeleteBranchAfterMerge: boolean,
+  defaultMergeMessage: string,
+  defaultMergeStyle: string,
+  emptyCommit: boolean,
+  hasPendingPullRequestMerge: boolean,
+  hasPendingPullRequestMergeTip: string,
+  isPullBranchDeletable: boolean,
+  mergeMessageFieldPlaceHolder: string,
+  mergeStyles: MergeStyle[],
+  pullHeadCommitID: string,
+  textAutoMergeButtonWhenSucceed: string,
+  textAutoMergeCancelSchedule: string,
+  textAutoMergeWhenSucceed: string,
+  textCancel: string,
+  textClearMergeMessage: string,
+  textClearMergeMessageHint: string,
+  textDeleteBranch: string,
+  textMergeCommitId: string,
+};
+
 const props = defineProps<{
-  mergeFormProps: any, // TODO: this is a huge object, need to be refactored in the future
+  mergeFormProps: MergeForm,
 }>();
 
 const mergeStyleManuallyMerged = 'manually-merged';
 
 const mergeForm = props.mergeFormProps;
 
-const mergeTitleFieldValue = shallowRef('');
-const mergeMessageFieldValue = shallowRef('');
+const mergeTitleFieldValue = shallowRef<string | undefined>('');
+const mergeMessageFieldValue = shallowRef<string | undefined>('');
 const deleteBranchAfterMerge = shallowRef(false);
 const autoMergeWhenSucceed = shallowRef(false);
 
 const mergeStyle = shallowRef('');
-const mergeStyleDetail = shallowRef({
-  hideMergeMessageTexts: false,
-  textDoMerge: '',
-  mergeTitleFieldText: '',
-  mergeMessageFieldText: '',
-  hideAutoMerge: false,
-});
+const mergeStyleDetail = shallowRef<MergeStyle>({name: '', allowed: false, textDoMerge: '', hideAutoMerge: false});
 
 const mergeStyleAllowedCount = shallowRef(0);
 
@@ -48,18 +76,18 @@ const forceMerge = computed(() => {
 });
 
 watch(mergeStyle, (val) => {
-  mergeStyleDetail.value = mergeForm.mergeStyles.find((e: any) => e.name === val);
+  mergeStyleDetail.value = mergeForm.mergeStyles.find((e) => e.name === val)!;
   for (const elem of document.querySelectorAll('[data-pull-merge-style]')) {
     toggleElem(elem, elem.getAttribute('data-pull-merge-style') === val);
   }
 });
 
 onMounted(() => {
-  mergeStyleAllowedCount.value = mergeForm.mergeStyles.reduce((v: any, msd: any) => v + (msd.allowed ? 1 : 0), 0);
+  mergeStyleAllowedCount.value = mergeForm.mergeStyles.reduce((v, msd) => v + (msd.allowed ? 1 : 0), 0);
 
-  let mergeStyle = mergeForm.mergeStyles.find((e: any) => e.allowed && e.name === mergeForm.defaultMergeStyle)?.name;
-  if (!mergeStyle) mergeStyle = mergeForm.mergeStyles.find((e: any) => e.allowed)?.name;
-  switchMergeStyle(mergeStyle, !mergeForm.canMergeNow);
+  let mergeStyle = mergeForm.mergeStyles.find((e) => e.allowed && e.name === mergeForm.defaultMergeStyle)?.name;
+  if (!mergeStyle) mergeStyle = mergeForm.mergeStyles.find((e) => e.allowed)?.name;
+  if (mergeStyle) switchMergeStyle(mergeStyle, !mergeForm.canMergeNow);
 
   document.addEventListener('mouseup', hideMergeStyleMenu);
 });
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue b/web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue
index 482917ef574..38124106096 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import ActionStatusIcon from './ActionStatusIcon.vue';
 import {computed, onBeforeUnmount, ref, toRefs, watch} from 'vue';
 import {resetActionFavicon, syncActionRunFavicon} from '../modules/favicon-status.ts';
 import {POST, DELETE} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
-import ActionRunSummaryView from './ActionRunSummaryView.vue';
-import ActionRunJobView from './ActionRunJobView.vue';
+import ActionRunSummaryView, {type ActionRunSummaryViewLocale} from './ActionRunSummaryView.vue';
+import ActionRunJobView, {type ActionRunJobViewLocale} from './ActionRunJobView.vue';
 import type {ActionsJob, ActionsRunAttempt} from '../modules/gitea-actions.ts';
 import {buildJobsByParentJobID, createActionRunViewStore} from './ActionRunView.ts';
 import {buildArtifactTooltipHtml} from './ActionRunArtifacts.ts';
@@ -15,10 +15,35 @@ defineOptions({
   name: 'RepoActionView',
 });
 
+type RepoActionViewLocale = ActionRunSummaryViewLocale & ActionRunJobViewLocale & {
+  approve: string,
+  cancel: string,
+  rerun: string,
+  rerun_all: string,
+  rerun_failed: string,
+  latest: string,
+  latestAttempt: string,
+  attempt: string,
+  summary: string,
+  allJobs: string,
+  jobSummaries: string,
+  expandCallerJobs: string,
+  collapseCallerJobs: string,
+  backToPullRequest: string,
+  backToWorkflow: string,
+  artifactExpired: string,
+  artifactExpiresAt: string,
+  artifactExpiredAt: string,
+  confirmDeleteArtifact: string,
+  workflowFile: string,
+  workflowFileNoPermission: string,
+  runDetails: string,
+};
+
 const props = defineProps<{
   jobId: number;
   actionsViewUrl: string;
-  locale: Record<string, any>;
+  locale: RepoActionViewLocale;
 }>();
 
 const locale = props.locale;
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/RepoActivityTopAuthors.vue b/web_src/js/components/RepoActivityTopAuthors.vue
index 85c90489434..2b8e95abb55 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/RepoActivityTopAuthors.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/RepoActivityTopAuthors.vue
@@ -15,15 +15,7 @@ const colors = shallowRef({
   textAltColor: 'white',
 });
 
-type ActivityAuthorData = {
-  avatar_link: string;
-  commits: number;
-  home_link: string;
-  login: string;
-  name: string;
-}
-
-const activityTopAuthors: Array<ActivityAuthorData> = window.config.pageData.repoActivityTopAuthors || [];
+const activityTopAuthors = window.config.pageData.repoActivityTopAuthors || [];
 
 const graphWidth = activityTopAuthors.length * barSlotWidth;
 const maxCommits = Math.max(...activityTopAuthors.map((author) => author.commits));
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/RepoContributors.vue b/web_src/js/components/RepoContributors.vue
index 1a82670b40f..c94805125cc 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/RepoContributors.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/RepoContributors.vue
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import {
   startDaysBetween,
   firstStartDateAfterDate,
   fillEmptyStartDaysWithZeroes,
+  type DayData,
+  type DayDataObject,
 } from '../utils/time.ts';
 import {errorMessage} from '../modules/errors.ts';
 import {sleep} from '../utils.ts';
@@ -67,12 +69,22 @@ function roundUpMax(maxValue: number) {
   return Math.ceil(coefficient) * 10 ** exp;
 }
 
-type ContributorsData = {
-  total: {
-    weeks: Record<string, any>,
-  },
-  [other: string]: Record<string, Record<string, any>>,
-}
+type ContributorInfo = {
+  name: string,
+  avatar_link: string,
+  home_link: string,
+};
+
+type ContributorStats = ContributorInfo & {weeks: DayData[]};
+
+type Contributor = ContributorStats & {
+  email: string,
+  total_commits: number,
+  total_additions: number,
+  total_deletions: number,
+  max_contribution_type: number,
+};
+type ContributorsData = Record<string, ContributorInfo & {weeks: DayDataObject}>;
 
 const props = defineProps<{
   locale: {
@@ -89,10 +101,10 @@ const props = defineProps<{
 
 const isLoading = shallowRef(false);
 const errorText = shallowRef('');
-const totalStats = shallowRef<Record<string, any>>({});
-const sortedContributors = shallowRef<Array<Record<string, any>>>([]);
+const totalStats = shallowRef<DayData[]>([]);
+const sortedContributors = shallowRef<Contributor[]>([]);
 const type = shallowRef<ContributionType>('commits');
-let contributorsStats: Record<string, any> = {};
+let contributorsStats: Record<string, ContributorStats> = {};
 // plain values, so the main chart options do not follow the zoomed range
 let xAxisStart: number | null = null;
 let xAxisEnd: number | null = null;
@@ -113,7 +125,7 @@ onMounted(() => {
 });
 
 function sortContributors() {
-  const criteria = `total_${type.value}`;
+  const criteria = `total_${type.value}` as const;
   sortedContributors.value = filterContributorWeeksByDateRange()
     .filter((contributor) => contributor[criteria] !== 0)
     .sort((a, b) => b[criteria] - a[criteria])
@@ -142,23 +154,22 @@ async function fetchGraphData() {
       }
     } while (response.status === 202);
     if (response.ok) {
-      const data = await response.json() as ContributorsData;
+      const data: ContributorsData = await response.json();
       const {total, ...other} = data;
       // below line might be deleted if we are sure go produces map always sorted by keys
-      total.weeks = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(total.weeks).sort());
+      const totalWeeks = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(total.weeks).sort());
 
-      const weekValues = Object.values(total.weeks);
+      const weekValues = Object.values(totalWeeks);
       xAxisStart = weekValues[0].week;
       xAxisEnd = firstStartDateAfterDate(new Date());
       const startDays = startDaysBetween(xAxisStart, xAxisEnd);
-      total.weeks = fillEmptyStartDaysWithZeroes(startDays, total.weeks);
       xAxisMin.value = xAxisStart;
       xAxisMax.value = xAxisEnd;
       contributorsStats = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(other).map(([email, user]) => {
         return [email, {...user, weeks: fillEmptyStartDaysWithZeroes(startDays, user.weeks)}];
       }));
       sortContributors();
-      totalStats.value = total;
+      totalStats.value = fillEmptyStartDaysWithZeroes(startDays, totalWeeks);
       errorText.value = '';
     } else {
       errorText.value = response.statusText;
@@ -171,22 +182,22 @@ async function fetchGraphData() {
 }
 
 function filterContributorWeeksByDateRange() {
-  const filteredData: Array<Record<string, any>> = [];
+  const filteredData: Contributor[] = [];
   const minTime = xAxisMin.value! - oneWeek;
   const maxTime = xAxisMax.value! + oneWeek;
   const contributionType = type.value;
   for (const [key, user] of Object.entries(contributorsStats)) {
-    user.total_commits = 0;
-    user.total_additions = 0;
-    user.total_deletions = 0;
-    user.max_contribution_type = 0;
-    const filteredWeeks = user.weeks.filter((week: Record<string, number>) => {
+    let totalCommits = 0;
+    let totalAdditions = 0;
+    let totalDeletions = 0;
+    let maxContributionType = 0;
+    const filteredWeeks = user.weeks.filter((week) => {
       if (week.week >= minTime && week.week <= maxTime) {
-        user.total_commits += week.commits;
-        user.total_additions += week.additions;
-        user.total_deletions += week.deletions;
-        if (week[contributionType] > user.max_contribution_type) {
-          user.max_contribution_type = week[contributionType];
+        totalCommits += week.commits;
+        totalAdditions += week.additions;
+        totalDeletions += week.deletions;
+        if (week[contributionType] > maxContributionType) {
+          maxContributionType = week[contributionType];
         }
         return true;
       }
@@ -194,24 +205,32 @@ function filterContributorWeeksByDateRange() {
     });
     // this line is required. See https://github.com/sahinakkaya/gitea/pull/3#discussion_r1396495722
     // for details.
-    user.max_contribution_type += 1;
+    maxContributionType += 1;
 
-    filteredData.push({...user, weeks: filteredWeeks, email: key});
+    filteredData.push({
+      ...user,
+      weeks: filteredWeeks,
+      total_commits: totalCommits,
+      total_additions: totalAdditions,
+      total_deletions: totalDeletions,
+      max_contribution_type: maxContributionType,
+      email: key,
+    });
   }
 
   return filteredData;
 }
 
 const maxMainGraph = computed(() => {
-  return roundUpMax(Math.max(...totalStats.value.weeks.map((o: Record<string, any>) => o[type.value])));
+  return roundUpMax(Math.max(...totalStats.value.map((o) => o[type.value])));
 });
 
 // one shared maximum, otherwise the contributor graphs cannot be compared
 const maxContributorGraph = computed(() => {
-  return roundUpMax(Math.max(...sortedContributors.value.map((c: Record<string, any>) => c.max_contribution_type)));
+  return roundUpMax(Math.max(...sortedContributors.value.map((c) => c.max_contribution_type)));
 });
 
-function toGraphData(data: Array<Record<string, any>>): ChartData<'line'> {
+function toGraphData(data: DayData[]): ChartData<'line'> {
   const contributionType = type.value;
   return {
     datasets: [
@@ -319,7 +338,7 @@ function getOptions(chartType: ChartType): LineOptions {
 }
 
 const mainChart = computed(() => ({
-  graphData: toGraphData(totalStats.value.weeks),
+  graphData: toGraphData(totalStats.value),
   chartOptions: getOptions('main'),
 }));
 
@@ -390,7 +409,7 @@ const contributorCharts = computed(() => sortedContributors.value.map((contribut
         </div>
       </div>
       <ChartCanvas
-        v-if="Object.keys(totalStats).length !== 0"
+        v-if="totalStats.length"
         type="line" :data="mainChart.graphData" :options="mainChart.chartOptions"
       />
     </div>
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue b/web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue
index f4e733fb484..17bfb04d889 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue
@@ -18,6 +18,18 @@ import {
   type RoutedEdge,
 } from './WorkflowGraph.utils.ts';
 
+export type WorkflowGraphLocale = {
+  graphJobsCount1: string,
+  graphJobsCountN: string,
+  graphDependenciesCount1: string,
+  graphDependenciesCountN: string,
+  graphSuccessRate: string,
+  graphZoomIn: string,
+  graphZoomMax: string,
+  graphZoomOut: string,
+  graphResetView: string,
+};
+
 interface StoredState {
   scale: number;
   translateX: number;
@@ -32,7 +44,7 @@ const props = defineProps<{
   workflowId: string;
   workflowLink?: string;
   triggerEvent?: string;
-  locale: Record<string, string>;
+  locale: WorkflowGraphLocale;
 }>();
 
 const settingKeyStates = 'actions-graph-states';
diff --git a/web_src/js/external-render-helper.ts b/web_src/js/external-render-helper.ts
index 8a5122fe99c..e8903d7ee45 100644
--- a/web_src/js/external-render-helper.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/external-render-helper.ts
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ body { background: ${backgroundColor}; }
 
 const iframeId = queryParams.get('gitea-iframe-id');
 // iframe is in different origin, so we need to use postMessage to communicate
-const postIframeMsg = (cmd: string, data: Record<string, any> = {}) => {
+const postIframeMsg = (cmd: 'resize' | 'open-link', data: Record<string, string | number | null> = {}) => {
   window.parent.postMessage({giteaIframeCmd: cmd, giteaIframeId: iframeId, ...data}, '*');
 };
 
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/admin/config.ts b/web_src/js/features/admin/config.ts
index a96b24f89f7..08d80c0fe48 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/admin/config.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/admin/config.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ function initSystemConfigAutoCheckbox(el: HTMLInputElement) {
         value: String(collectCheckboxBooleanValue(el)),
       });
       const resp = await POST(`${appSubUrl}/-/admin/config`, {data});
-      const json: Record<string, any> = await resp.json();
+      const json: {errorMessage?: string} = await resp.json();
       if (json.errorMessage) throw new Error(json.errorMessage);
     } catch (ex) {
       showTemporaryTooltip(el, errorMessage(ex));
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export class ConfigFormValueMapper {
   }
 
   collectConfigValueFromElement(el: GeneralFormFieldElement) {
-    let val: any;
+    let val: boolean | number | string;
     const valType = this.presetValueTypes[el.name];
     if (el.matches('[type="checkbox"]')) {
       // TODO: if it needs to support array values in the future,
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/admin/selfcheck.ts b/web_src/js/features/admin/selfcheck.ts
index 903eb15c87d..f08f1b49dc9 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/admin/selfcheck.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/admin/selfcheck.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export async function initAdminSelfCheck() {
       now: String(Date.now()), // TODO: check time difference between server and client
     }),
   });
-  const json: Record<string, any> = await resp.json();
+  const json: {problems: string[] | null} = await resp.json();
   toggleElem(elCheckByFrontend, Boolean(json.problems?.length));
   for (const problem of json.problems ?? []) {
     const elProblem = document.createElement('div');
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/common-button.ts b/web_src/js/features/common-button.ts
index 63cdda827a0..0b2b1f46715 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/common-button.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/common-button.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export type ElementWithAssignableProperties = {
   nodeName: string;
   getAttribute: (name: string) => string | null;
   setAttribute: (name: string, value: string) => void;
-} & Record<string, any>;
+};
 
 export function assignElementProperty(el: ElementWithAssignableProperties, kebabName: string, val: string) {
   if (el.nodeName === 'FORM') {
@@ -59,14 +59,15 @@ export function assignElementProperty(el: ElementWithAssignableProperties, kebab
     if (kebabName === 'url') kebabName = 'action';
   }
   const camelizedName = camelize(kebabName);
-  const old = el[camelizedName];
+  const properties: Record<string, unknown> = el;
+  const old = properties[camelizedName];
   if (typeof old === 'boolean') {
-    el[camelizedName] = val === 'true';
+    properties[camelizedName] = val === 'true';
   } else if (typeof old === 'number') {
-    el[camelizedName] = parseFloat(val);
+    properties[camelizedName] = parseFloat(val);
   } else if (typeof old === 'string') {
-    el[camelizedName] = val;
-  } else if (old?.nodeName) {
+    properties[camelizedName] = val;
+  } else if (old && typeof old === 'object' && 'nodeName' in old) {
     // "form" has an edge case: its "<input name=action>" element overwrites the "action" property, we can only set attribute
     el.setAttribute(kebabName, val);
   } else {
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts b/web_src/js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts
index 70ddf2185f3..7764f42192e 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/comp/ComboMarkdownEditor.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
 import {handleGlobalEnterQuickSubmit} from './QuickSubmit.ts';
 import {renderPreviewPanelContent} from '../repo-editor.ts';
 import {toggleTasklistCheckbox} from '../../markup/tasklist.ts';
-import {easyMDEToolbarActions} from './EasyMDEToolbarActions.ts';
+import {easyMDEToolbarActions, type EasyMdeToolbarAction} from './EasyMDEToolbarActions.ts';
 import {initTextExpander} from './TextExpander.ts';
 import {showErrorToast} from '../../modules/toast.ts';
 import {POST} from '../../modules/fetch.ts';
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import {DropzoneCustomEventReloadFiles, initDropzone} from '../dropzone.ts';
 import {createTippy} from '../../modules/tippy.ts';
 import {initTabSwitcher} from '../../modules/fomantic/tab.ts';
 import type EasyMDE from 'easymde';
+import type Dropzone from '@deltablot/dropzone';
 import {localUserSettings} from '../../modules/user-settings.ts';
 
 /**
@@ -57,11 +58,11 @@ type Heights = {
 
 type ComboMarkdownEditorOptions = {
   editorHeights?: Heights,
-  easyMDEOptions?: EasyMDE.Options,
+  easyMDEOptions?: Omit<EasyMDE.Options, 'toolbar'> & {toolbar?: ReadonlyArray<string>},
 };
 
-type ComboMarkdownEditorTextarea = HTMLTextAreaElement & {_giteaComboMarkdownEditor: any};
-type ComboMarkdownEditorContainer = HTMLElement & {_giteaComboMarkdownEditor?: any};
+type ComboMarkdownEditorTextarea = HTMLTextAreaElement & {_giteaComboMarkdownEditor: ComboMarkdownEditor};
+type ComboMarkdownEditorContainer = HTMLElement & {_giteaComboMarkdownEditor?: ComboMarkdownEditor};
 
 export class ComboMarkdownEditor {
   static EventEditorContentChanged = EventEditorContentChanged;
@@ -75,18 +76,18 @@ export class ComboMarkdownEditor {
   tabPreviewer?: HTMLElement;
 
   supportEasyMDE!: boolean;
-  easyMDE: any;
-  easyMDEToolbarActions: any;
-  easyMDEToolbarDefault: any;
+  easyMDE: EasyMDE | null = null;
+  easyMDEToolbarActions?: Record<string, EasyMdeToolbarAction>;
+  easyMDEToolbarDefault!: string[];
 
   textarea!: ComboMarkdownEditorTextarea;
   textareaMarkdownToolbar!: HTMLElement;
-  textareaAutosize: any;
+  textareaAutosize?: ReturnType<typeof autosize>;
 
   buttonMonospace!: HTMLButtonElement;
 
   dropzone: HTMLElement | null = null;
-  attachedDropzoneInst: any;
+  attachedDropzoneInst?: Dropzone;
 
   previewMode!: string;
   previewUrl!: string;
@@ -188,19 +189,19 @@ export class ComboMarkdownEditor {
   }
 
   dropzoneReloadFiles() {
-    if (!this.dropzone) return;
+    if (!this.attachedDropzoneInst) return;
     this.attachedDropzoneInst.emit(DropzoneCustomEventReloadFiles);
   }
 
   dropzoneSubmitReload() {
-    if (!this.dropzone) return;
+    if (!this.attachedDropzoneInst) return;
     this.attachedDropzoneInst.emit('submit');
     this.attachedDropzoneInst.emit(DropzoneCustomEventReloadFiles);
   }
 
   isUploading() {
-    if (!this.dropzone) return false;
-    return this.attachedDropzoneInst.getQueuedFiles().length || this.attachedDropzoneInst.getUploadingFiles().length;
+    if (!this.attachedDropzoneInst) return false;
+    return Boolean(this.attachedDropzoneInst.getQueuedFiles().length || this.attachedDropzoneInst.getUploadingFiles().length);
   }
 
   setupTab() {
@@ -300,9 +301,9 @@ export class ComboMarkdownEditor {
     ];
   }
 
-  parseEasyMDEToolbar(easyMde: typeof EasyMDE, actions: any) {
+  parseEasyMDEToolbar(easyMde: typeof EasyMDE, actions: ReadonlyArray<string>) {
     this.easyMDEToolbarActions = this.easyMDEToolbarActions || easyMDEToolbarActions(easyMde, this);
-    const processed = [];
+    const processed: EasyMdeToolbarAction[] = [];
     for (const action of actions) {
       const actionButton = this.easyMDEToolbarActions[action];
       if (!actionButton) throw new Error(`Unknown EasyMDE toolbar action ${action}`);
@@ -345,27 +346,27 @@ export class ComboMarkdownEditor {
       inputStyle: 'contenteditable', // nativeSpellcheck requires contenteditable
       nativeSpellcheck: true,
       ...this.options.easyMDEOptions,
+      toolbar: this.parseEasyMDEToolbar(EasyMDE, this.options.easyMDEOptions?.toolbar ?? this.easyMDEToolbarDefault) as EasyMDE.Options['toolbar'],
     };
-    easyMDEOpt.toolbar = this.parseEasyMDEToolbar(EasyMDE, easyMDEOpt.toolbar ?? this.easyMDEToolbarDefault);
 
     this.easyMDE = new EasyMDE(easyMDEOpt);
     this.easyMDE.codemirror.on('change', () => triggerEditorContentChanged(this.container));
     this.easyMDE.codemirror.setOption('extraKeys', {
-      'Cmd-Enter': (cm: any) => handleGlobalEnterQuickSubmit(cm.getTextArea()),
-      'Ctrl-Enter': (cm: any) => handleGlobalEnterQuickSubmit(cm.getTextArea()),
-      Enter: (cm: any) => {
+      'Cmd-Enter': () => { handleGlobalEnterQuickSubmit(this.textarea) },
+      'Ctrl-Enter': () => { handleGlobalEnterQuickSubmit(this.textarea) },
+      Enter: (cm) => {
         const tributeContainer = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('.tribute-container');
         if (!tributeContainer || tributeContainer.style.display === 'none') {
           cm.execCommand('newlineAndIndent');
         }
       },
-      Up: (cm: any) => {
+      Up: (cm) => {
         const tributeContainer = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('.tribute-container');
         if (!tributeContainer || tributeContainer.style.display === 'none') {
           return cm.execCommand('goLineUp');
         }
       },
-      Down: (cm: any) => {
+      Down: (cm) => {
         const tributeContainer = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('.tribute-container');
         if (!tributeContainer || tributeContainer.style.display === 'none') {
           return cm.execCommand('goLineDown');
@@ -380,20 +381,16 @@ export class ComboMarkdownEditor {
     hideElem(this.textareaMarkdownToolbar);
   }
 
-  value(v?: any) {
-    if (v === undefined) {
+  value(v?: string): string {
+    if (v !== undefined) {
       if (this.easyMDE) {
-        return this.easyMDE.value();
+        this.easyMDE.value(v);
+      } else {
+        this.textarea.value = v;
       }
-      return this.textarea.value;
+      this.textareaAutosize?.resizeToFit();
     }
-
-    if (this.easyMDE) {
-      this.easyMDE.value(v);
-    } else {
-      this.textarea.value = v;
-    }
-    this.textareaAutosize?.resizeToFit();
+    return this.easyMDE ? this.easyMDE.value() : this.textarea.value;
   }
 
   focus() {
@@ -438,10 +435,9 @@ function applyMonospaceToAllEditors() {
   }
 }
 
-export function getComboMarkdownEditor(el: any): ComboMarkdownEditor | null {
+export function getComboMarkdownEditor(el: Element | null): ComboMarkdownEditor | null {
   if (!el) return null;
-  if (el.length) el = el[0];
-  return el._giteaComboMarkdownEditor;
+  return (el as ComboMarkdownEditorContainer)._giteaComboMarkdownEditor ?? null;
 }
 
 export async function initComboMarkdownEditor(container: HTMLElement, options:ComboMarkdownEditorOptions = {}) {
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/comp/EasyMDEToolbarActions.ts b/web_src/js/features/comp/EasyMDEToolbarActions.ts
index ec5c7304bef..059af4c48f3 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/comp/EasyMDEToolbarActions.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/comp/EasyMDEToolbarActions.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,15 @@ import {svg} from '../../svg.ts';
 import type EasyMDE from 'easymde';
 import type {ComboMarkdownEditor} from './ComboMarkdownEditor.ts';
 
-export function easyMDEToolbarActions(easyMde: typeof EasyMDE, editor: ComboMarkdownEditor): Record<string, Partial<EasyMDE.ToolbarIcon | string>> {
-  const actions: Record<string, Partial<EasyMDE.ToolbarIcon> | string> = {
+export type EasyMdeToolbarAction = {
+  name?: string,
+  action: EasyMDE.ToolbarIcon['action'],
+  icon: string,
+  title: string,
+} | '|';
+
+export function easyMDEToolbarActions(easyMde: typeof EasyMDE, editor: ComboMarkdownEditor): Record<string, EasyMdeToolbarAction> {
+  const actions: Record<string, EasyMdeToolbarAction> = {
     '|': '|',
     'heading-1': {
       action: easyMde.toggleHeading1,
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/comp/EditorUpload.ts b/web_src/js/features/comp/EditorUpload.ts
index ad666d741f7..2b923653ed3 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/comp/EditorUpload.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/comp/EditorUpload.ts
@@ -12,18 +12,20 @@ import type Dropzone from '@deltablot/dropzone';
 
 let uploadIdCounter = 0;
 
+type UploadFile = File & {_giteaUploadId?: number, uuid?: string};
+
 export const EventUploadStateChanged = 'ce-upload-state-changed';
 
 export function triggerUploadStateChanged(target: HTMLElement) {
   target.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(EventUploadStateChanged, {bubbles: true}));
 }
 
-function uploadFile(dropzoneEl: HTMLElement, file: File) {
-  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+function uploadFile(dropzoneEl: HTMLElement, file: UploadFile) {
+  return new Promise<UploadFile>((resolve) => {
     const curUploadId = uploadIdCounter++;
-    (file as any)._giteaUploadId = curUploadId;
+    file._giteaUploadId = curUploadId;
     const dropzoneInst = dropzoneEl.dropzone;
-    const onUploadDone = ({file}: {file: any}) => {
+    const onUploadDone = ({file}: {file: UploadFile}) => {
       if (file._giteaUploadId === curUploadId) {
         dropzoneInst.off(DropzoneCustomEventUploadDone, onUploadDone);
         resolve(file);
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ function getPastedImages(e: ClipboardEvent) {
 }
 
 export function initEasyMDEPaste(easyMDE: EasyMDE, dropzoneEl: HTMLElement) {
-  const editor = new CodeMirrorEditor(easyMDE.codemirror as any);
+  const editor = new CodeMirrorEditor(easyMDE.codemirror as CodeMirror.EditorFromTextArea);
   easyMDE.codemirror.on('paste', (_, e) => {
     const images = getPastedImages(e);
     if (!images.length) return;
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/comp/TextExpander.ts b/web_src/js/features/comp/TextExpander.ts
index 2eb79fc8ec8..7b5a95450dd 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/comp/TextExpander.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/comp/TextExpander.ts
@@ -10,16 +10,12 @@ import type TextExpanderElement from '@github/text-expander-element';
 import type {TextExpanderChangeEvent, TextExpanderResult} from '@github/text-expander-element';
 
 async function fetchIssueSuggestions(key: string, text: string, signal: AbortSignal): Promise<TextExpanderResult> {
-  const issuePathInfo = parseIssueHref(window.location.href);
-  if (!issuePathInfo.ownerName) {
-    const repoOwnerPathInfo = parseRepoOwnerPathInfo(window.location.pathname);
-    issuePathInfo.ownerName = repoOwnerPathInfo.ownerName;
-    issuePathInfo.repoName = repoOwnerPathInfo.repoName;
-    // then no issuePathInfo.indexString here, it is only used to exclude the current issue when "matchIssue"
-  }
-  if (!issuePathInfo.ownerName) return {matched: false};
+  const hrefPathInfo = parseIssueHref(window.location.href);
+  // the fallback has no indexString, it is only used to exclude the current issue when "matchIssue"
+  const pathInfo = hrefPathInfo ?? parseRepoOwnerPathInfo(window.location.pathname);
+  if (!pathInfo) return {matched: false};
 
-  const matches = await matchIssue(issuePathInfo.ownerName, issuePathInfo.repoName, issuePathInfo.indexString, text, signal);
+  const matches = await matchIssue(pathInfo.ownerName, pathInfo.repoName, hrefPathInfo?.indexString, text, signal);
   if (!matches.length) return {matched: false};
 
   const ul = createElementFromAttrs('ul', {class: 'suggestions'});
@@ -131,7 +127,8 @@ export function initTextExpander(expander: TextExpanderElement) {
     }
   });
 
-  expander.addEventListener('text-expander-value', ({detail}: Record<string, any>) => {
+  expander.addEventListener('text-expander-value', (event) => {
+    const {detail} = event as CustomEvent<{item: HTMLElement, key: string, value: string}>;
     if (detail?.item) {
       // add a space after @mentions and #issue as it's likely the user wants one
       const suffix = ['@', '#'].includes(detail.key) ? ' ' : '';
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/dropzone.ts b/web_src/js/features/dropzone.ts
index 76b06de111e..76e3340462b 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/dropzone.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/dropzone.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {isImageFile, isVideoFile} from '../utils.ts';
 import type Dropzone from '@deltablot/dropzone';
 
 type CustomDropzoneFile = Dropzone.DropzoneFile & {uuid: string};
+type UploadResponse = {uuid: string};
 
 // dropzone has its owner event dispatcher (emitter)
 export const DropzoneCustomEventReloadFiles = 'dropzone-custom-reload-files';
@@ -69,19 +70,20 @@ export async function initDropzone(dropzoneEl: HTMLElement) {
 
   let disableRemovedfileEvent = false; // when resetting the dropzone (removeAllFiles), disable the "removedfile" event
   let fileUuidDict: FileUuidDict = {}; // to record: if a comment has been saved, then the uploaded files won't be deleted from server when clicking the Remove in the dropzone
-  const opts: Record<string, any> = {
-    url: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-upload-url'),
-    acceptedFiles: ['*/*', ''].includes(dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-accepts')!) ? null : dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-accepts'),
+  const opts: Dropzone.DropzoneOptions = {
+    url: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-upload-url')!,
     addRemoveLinks: true,
-    dictDefaultMessage: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-default-message'),
-    dictInvalidFileType: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-invalid-input-type'),
-    dictFileTooBig: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-file-too-big'),
-    dictRemoveFile: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-remove-file'),
+    dictDefaultMessage: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-default-message')!,
+    dictInvalidFileType: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-invalid-input-type')!,
+    dictFileTooBig: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-file-too-big')!,
+    dictRemoveFile: dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-remove-file')!,
     timeout: 0,
     thumbnailMethod: 'contain',
     thumbnailWidth: 480,
     thumbnailHeight: 480,
   };
+  const accepts = dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-accepts')!;
+  if (!['*/*', ''].includes(accepts)) opts.acceptedFiles = accepts;
   if (dropzoneEl.hasAttribute('data-max-file')) opts.maxFiles = Number(dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-max-file'));
   if (dropzoneEl.hasAttribute('data-max-size')) opts.maxFilesize = Number(dropzoneEl.getAttribute('data-max-size'));
 
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ export async function initDropzone(dropzoneEl: HTMLElement) {
   // "http://localhost:3000/owner/repo/issues/[object%20Event]"
   // the reason is that the preview "callback(dataURL)" is assign to "img.onerror" then "thumbnail" uses the error object as the dataURL and generates '<img src="[object Event]">'
   const dzInst = await createDropzone(dropzoneEl, opts);
-  dzInst.on('success', (file: CustomDropzoneFile, resp: any) => {
+  dzInst.on('success', (file: CustomDropzoneFile, resp: UploadResponse) => {
     file.uuid = resp.uuid;
     fileUuidDict[file.uuid] = {submitted: false};
     const input = createElementFromAttrs('input', {name: 'files', type: 'hidden', id: `dropzone-file-${resp.uuid}`, value: resp.uuid});
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts b/web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts
index 0633b0a457f..3744d8d22c0 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export function initDiffFileViewedForm(el: Element) {
     // Unfortunately, actual forms cause too many problems, hence another approach is needed
     const files: Record<string, boolean> = {};
     files[fileName] = this.checked;
-    const data: Record<string, any> = {files};
+    const data: {files: Record<string, boolean>, headCommitSHA?: string} = {files};
     const headCommitSHA = el.getAttribute('data-headcommit');
     if (headCommitSHA) data.headCommitSHA = headCommitSHA;
     POST(el.getAttribute('data-link')!, {data});
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/ref-issue.ts b/web_src/js/features/ref-issue.ts
index 9b155860e75..3abb2f43823 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/ref-issue.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/ref-issue.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ async function showRefIssuePopup(link: HTMLAnchorElement) {
 export function initRefIssueContextPopup() {
   const selector = 'a[href]:not([data-ref-issue-popup]):not(.ref-external-issue)';
   addDelegatedEventListener<HTMLAnchorElement, MouseEvent>(document, 'mouseover', selector, (link) => {
-    if (!parseIssueHref(link.getAttribute('href')!).ownerName) return;
+    if (!parseIssueHref(link.getAttribute('href')!)) return;
     if (!link.classList.contains('ref-issue') && !link.closest('[data-ref-issue-container]')) return;
     if (getAttachedTippyInstance(link)) return;
     link.setAttribute('data-ref-issue-popup', '');
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-diff-commit.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-diff-commit.ts
index ac385e4b6d5..c4d1ff3b442 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-diff-commit.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-diff-commit.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 import {hideElem, showElem, toggleElem} from '../utils/dom.ts';
 import {GET} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
 
+type GitRef = {name: string, web_link: string};
+type RefsResponse = {tags: GitRef[], branches: GitRef[], default_branch: string};
+
 async function loadBranchesAndTags(area: Element, loadingButton: Element) {
   loadingButton.classList.add('disabled');
   try {
     const res = await GET(loadingButton.getAttribute('data-url')!);
-    const data = await res.json();
+    const data: RefsResponse = await res.json();
     hideElem(loadingButton);
     addTags(area, data.tags);
     addBranches(area, data.branches, data.default_branch);
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ async function loadBranchesAndTags(area: Element, loadingButton: Element) {
   }
 }
 
-function addTags(area: Element, tags: Array<Record<string, any>>) {
+function addTags(area: Element, tags: GitRef[]) {
   const tagArea = area.querySelector('.tag-area')!;
   toggleElem(tagArea.parentElement!, tags.length > 0);
   for (const tag of tags) {
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ function addTags(area: Element, tags: Array<Record<string, any>>) {
   }
 }
 
-function addBranches(area: Element, branches: Array<Record<string, any>>, defaultBranch: string) {
+function addBranches(area: Element, branches: GitRef[], defaultBranch: string) {
   const defaultBranchTooltip = area.getAttribute('data-text-default-branch-tooltip');
   const branchArea = area.querySelector('.branch-area')!;
   toggleElem(branchArea.parentElement!, branches.length > 0);
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-findfile.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-findfile.ts
index 962f8b84c12..7fe184cc51b 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-findfile.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-findfile.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export function strSubMatch(full: string, subLower: string) {
   return res;
 }
 
-export function calcMatchedWeight(matchResult: Array<any>) {
+export function calcMatchedWeight(matchResult: string[]) {
   let weight = 0;
   for (let i = 0; i < matchResult.length; i++) {
     if (i % 2 === 1) { // matches are on odd indices, see strSubMatch
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-home.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-home.ts
index fc225158fb7..05b10aa830b 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-home.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-home.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@ import {hideElem, queryElemChildren, showElem} from '../utils/dom.ts';
 import {POST} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
 import {showErrorToast, type Toast} from '../modules/toast.ts';
 import {fomanticQuery} from '../modules/fomantic/base.ts';
+import type {FomanticApiResponse, JQueryElem} from '../types.ts';
 
 const {appSubUrl} = window.config;
 
+type TopicSearchResponse = {topics: Array<{topic_name: string}>};
+type TopicSearchResult = {description: string, 'data-value': string};
+
 export function initRepoTopicBar() {
   const mgrBtn = document.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>('#manage_topic');
   if (!mgrBtn) return;
@@ -87,10 +91,10 @@ export function initRepoTopicBar() {
     apiSettings: {
       url: `${appSubUrl}/explore/topics/search?q={query}`,
       throttle: 500,
-      onResponse(this: any, res: any) {
-        const formattedResponse = {
+      onResponse(this: {urlData: {query: string}}, res: TopicSearchResponse) {
+        const formattedResponse: FomanticApiResponse<TopicSearchResult> = {
           success: false,
-          results: [] as Array<Record<string, any>>,
+          results: [],
         };
         const query = stripTags(this.urlData.query.trim());
         let found_query = false;
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ export function initRepoTopicBar() {
       this.attr('data-value', value).contents().first().replaceWith(value);
       return fomanticQuery(this);
     },
-    onAdd(addedValue: string, _addedText: any, $addedChoice: any) {
+    onAdd(addedValue: string, _addedText: any, $addedChoice: JQueryElem) {
       addedValue = addedValue.toLowerCase().trim();
       $addedChoice[0].setAttribute('data-value', addedValue);
       $addedChoice[0].setAttribute('data-text', addedValue);
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-content.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-content.ts
index ef7785057ed..5194f8802f4 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-content.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-content.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {parseIssuePageInfo} from '../utils.ts';
 import {fomanticQuery} from '../modules/fomantic/base.ts';
 import {hideFomanticModal, showFomanticModal} from '../modules/fomantic/modal.ts';
 import {html, htmlRaw} from '../utils/html.ts';
+import type {JQueryElem} from '../types.ts';
 
 let i18nTextEdited: string;
 let i18nTextOptions: string;
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ function showContentHistoryDetail(issueBaseUrl: string, commentId: string, histo
   $fomanticDropdownOptions.dropdown({
     showOnFocus: false,
     allowReselection: true,
-    async onChange(_value: string, _text: string, $item: any) {
+    async onChange(_value: string, _text: string, $item: JQueryElem) {
       const optionItem = $item.data('option-item');
       if (optionItem === 'delete') {
         if (window.confirm(i18nTextDeleteFromHistoryConfirm)) {
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ function showContentHistoryMenu(issueBaseUrl: string, elCommentItem: Element, co
     onHide() {
       $fomanticDropdown.dropdown('change values', null);
     },
-    onChange(value: string, itemHtml: string, $item: any) {
+    onChange(value: string, itemHtml: string, $item: JQueryElem) {
       if (value && !$item.find('[data-history-is-deleted=1]').length) {
         showContentHistoryDetail(issueBaseUrl, commentId, value, itemHtml);
       }
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-list.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-list.ts
index 3e133c4707a..9e71964e05f 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-list.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-list.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ import {fomanticQuery} from '../modules/fomantic/base.ts';
 import {performFetchAction} from '../modules/fetch-action.ts';
 import type {SortableEvent} from 'sortablejs';
 
+type IssuePoster = {avatar_link: string, full_name: string, username: string};
+type ProcessedIssuePoster = {type: 'html', html: string};
+type IssuePosterResponse = {results: IssuePoster[]};
+
 function initRepoIssueListCheckboxes() {
   const issueSelectAll = document.querySelector<HTMLInputElement>('.issue-checkbox-all');
   if (!issueSelectAll) return; // logged out state
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ function initDropdownUserRemoteSearch(el: Element) {
     elMenu.querySelector(`.item[data-value="${CSS.escape(username)}"]`)?.classList.add('selected');
   };
 
-  const processedResults: Record<string, string>[] = []; // to be used by dropdown to generate menu items
+  const processedResults: ProcessedIssuePoster[] = []; // to be used by dropdown to generate menu items
   const syncItemFromInput = () => {
     const inputVal = elSearchInput.value.trim();
     elItemFromInput.setAttribute('data-value', inputVal);
@@ -121,7 +125,7 @@ function initDropdownUserRemoteSearch(el: Element) {
     onMenuUpdated: () => syncItemFromInput(),
     apiSettings: {
       url: `${searchUrl}&q={query}`,
-      onResponse(resp: any) {
+      onResponse(resp: IssuePosterResponse) {
         // the content is provided by backend IssuePosters handler
         processedResults.length = 0;
         for (const item of resp.results) {
@@ -132,8 +136,7 @@ function initDropdownUserRemoteSearch(el: Element) {
           const htmlItem = html`<div class="item" data-value="${item.username}">${htmlRaw(htmlItemInner)}</div>`;
           processedResults.push({type: 'html', html: htmlItem});
         }
-        resp.results = processedResults;
-        return resp;
+        return {results: processedResults};
       },
     },
   });
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-pull.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-pull.ts
index 34cc4ed1996..ac30342909e 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-pull.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-pull.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {GET} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
 import {fomanticQuery} from '../modules/fomantic/base.ts';
 import {createElementFromHTML, activePageTimerRefresh} from '../utils/dom.ts';
 import {registerGlobalEventFunc} from '../modules/observer.ts';
+import type {JQueryElem} from '../types.ts';
 
 export function initRepoPullRequestUpdate(el: HTMLElement) {
   const elDropdown = el.querySelector(':scope > .ui.dropdown');
@@ -10,10 +11,10 @@ export function initRepoPullRequestUpdate(el: HTMLElement) {
   const elButton = el.querySelector<HTMLButtonElement>(':scope > button')!;
 
   fomanticQuery(elDropdown).dropdown({
-    onChange(_text: string, _value: string, $choice: any) {
+    onChange(_text: string, _value: string, $choice: JQueryElem) {
       const choiceEl = $choice[0];
       elButton.textContent = choiceEl.textContent;
-      elButton.setAttribute('data-url', choiceEl.getAttribute('data-update-url'));
+      elButton.setAttribute('data-url', choiceEl.getAttribute('data-update-url')!);
     },
   });
 }
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-sidebar.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-sidebar.ts
index 6a5dd7719b4..c2a5ea0f769 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-sidebar.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue-sidebar.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {parseIssuePageInfo} from '../utils.ts';
 import {html} from '../utils/html.ts';
 import {fomanticQuery} from '../modules/fomantic/base.ts';
 import {showTemporaryTooltip} from '../modules/tippy.ts';
+import type {FomanticApiResponse, Issue} from '../types.ts';
 
 const {appSubUrl} = window.config;
 
@@ -64,8 +65,8 @@ export function initRepoIssueSidebarDependency(elSidebar: HTMLElement) {
     apiSettings: {
       url: issueSearchUrl,
       rawResponse: true, // backend responds an array, prevent fomantic api from converting it to an object
-      onResponse(response: any) {
-        const filteredResponse = {success: true, results: [] as Array<Record<string, any>>};
+      onResponse(response: Issue[]) {
+        const filteredResponse: FomanticApiResponse<{value: number, name: string}> = {success: true, results: []};
         const currIssueId = elDropdown.getAttribute('data-issue-id');
         // Parse the response from the api to work with our dropdown
         for (const issue of response) {
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue.ts
index 6dcee980967..f9a56cc6a27 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-issue.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-issue.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {fomanticQuery} from '../modules/fomantic/base.ts';
 import {showFomanticModal} from '../modules/fomantic/modal.ts';
 import {ignoreAreYouSure} from '../vendor/jquery.are-you-sure.ts';
 import {registerGlobalInitFunc} from '../modules/observer.ts';
+import type {FomanticApiResponse} from '../types.ts';
 
 const {appSubUrl} = window.config;
 
@@ -305,8 +306,8 @@ export function initRepoIssueReferenceIssue() {
     fullTextSearch: true,
     apiSettings: {
       url: `${appSubUrl}/repo/search?q={query}&limit=20`,
-      onResponse(response: any) {
-        const filteredResponse = {success: true, results: [] as Array<Record<string, any>>};
+      onResponse(response: {data: Array<{repository: {full_name: string}}>}) {
+        const filteredResponse: FomanticApiResponse<{name: string, value: string}> = {success: true, results: []};
         for (const repo of response.data) {
           filteredResponse.results.push({
             name: htmlEscape(repo.repository.full_name),
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-new.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-new.ts
index 07e15f65e2e..0a3a248af56 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-new.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-new.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ function initRepoNewTemplateSearch(form: HTMLFormElement) {
     $repoTemplateDropdown.dropdown('setting', {
       apiSettings: {
         url: `${appSubUrl}/repo/search?q={query}&template=true&priority_owner_id=${ownerId}`,
-        onResponse(response: any) {
+        onResponse(response: {data: Array<{repository: {full_name: string, id: number}}>}) {
           const results = [];
           results.push({name: '', value: ''}); // empty item means not using template
           for (const tmplRepo of response.data) {
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts
index c1be4520385..ba3b8b48e6e 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-wiki.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ async function initRepoWikiForm(form: HTMLFormElement) {
         'unordered-list', 'ordered-list', '|',
         'link', 'image', 'table', 'horizontal-rule', '|',
         'preview', 'fullscreen', 'side-by-side', '|', 'gitea-switch-to-textarea',
-      ] as any, // to use custom toolbar buttons
+      ],
     },
   });
 
diff --git a/web_src/js/globals.d.ts b/web_src/js/globals.d.ts
index 1fb71658303..7f9f96009ff 100644
--- a/web_src/js/globals.d.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/globals.d.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 interface JQuery {
-  fomanticExt: any; // fomantic extension
+  fomanticExt: {
+    onDropdownAfterFiltered?: (this: HTMLElement) => void,
+    onModalBeforeHidden?: (this: HTMLElement) => void,
+  }; // fomantic extension
   api: any, // fomantic
   dimmer: any, // fomantic
   dropdown: any; // fomantic
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ interface Window {
     sharedWorkerUri: string,
     runModeIsProd: boolean,
     customEmojis: Record<string, string>,
-    pageData: Record<string, any> & {
+    pageData: {
       adminUserListSearchForm?: {
         SortType: string,
         StatusFilterMap: Record<string, string>,
@@ -37,8 +40,14 @@ interface Window {
       FolderIcon?: string,
       FolderOpenIcon?: string,
       repoLink?: string,
-      repoActivityTopAuthors?: any[],
-      dashboardRepoList?: Record<string, any>,
+      repoActivityTopAuthors?: Array<{
+        avatar_link: string,
+        commits: number,
+        home_link: string,
+        login: string,
+        name: string,
+      }>,
+      dashboardRepoList?: Record<string, unknown>,
     },
     notificationSettings: {
       MinTimeout: number,
@@ -69,7 +78,7 @@ interface Window {
   giteaExternalRenderHelper?: {
     isValidCssColor(s: string | null): boolean,
     queryParams: URLSearchParams,
-    postIframeMsg(cmd: string, data: Record<string, any> = {}),
+    postIframeMsg(cmd: 'resize' | 'open-link', data: Record<string, string | number | null>): void,
   }
 
   // do not add more properties here unless it is a must
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fetch-action.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fetch-action.ts
index ba1eb879c19..14ba9d61e32 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fetch-action.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fetch-action.ts
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ function toggleLoadingIndicator(el: HTMLElement, opt: FetchActionOpts, isLoading
   }
 }
 
-export async function handleFetchActionSuccessJson(el: HTMLElement, respJson: any) {
+export async function handleFetchActionSuccessJson(el: HTMLElement, respJson: {redirect?: unknown} | null) {
   ignoreAreYouSure(el); // ignore the areYouSure check before reloading
   const redirect = respJson?.redirect;
   if (typeof redirect === 'string' && redirect) {
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts
index 621384f4002..84283bd4d66 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export function initGiteaFomantic() {
   // Do not use "cursor: pointer" for dropdown labels
   $.fn.dropdown.settings.className.label += ' tw-cursor-default';
   // Always use Gitea's SVG icons
-  $.fn.dropdown.settings.templates.label = function(_value: any, text: any, preserveHTML: any, className: Record<string, string>) {
+  $.fn.dropdown.settings.templates.label = function(_value: any, text: string, preserveHTML: boolean, className: Record<string, string>) {
     const escape = $.fn.dropdown.settings.templates.escape;
     return escape(text, preserveHTML) + svg('octicon-x', 16, `${className.delete} icon`);
   };
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
index 17c418f4923..b9971a227e0 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
-import type {FomanticInitFunction} from '../../types.ts';
+import type {FomanticInitFunction, JQueryElem} from '../../types.ts';
 import {generateElemId, queryElems} from '../../utils/dom.ts';
 import {trString} from '../i18n.ts';
 
 const ariaPatchKey = '_giteaAriaPatchDropdown';
 const fomanticDropdownFn = $.fn.dropdown;
 
+type AriaDropdownElement = HTMLElement & {
+  [ariaPatchKey]: {
+    focusableRole: 'combobox' | 'menu';
+    listPopupRole: 'listbox' | '';
+    listItemRole: 'option' | 'menuitem';
+    deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem: (delay?: number) => void;
+  };
+};
+
 // use our own `$().dropdown` function to patch Fomantic's dropdown module
 export function initAriaDropdownPatch() {
   if ($.fn.dropdown === ariaDropdownFn) throw new Error('initAriaDropdownPatch could only be called once');
@@ -44,9 +53,9 @@ function ariaDropdownFn(this: any, ...args: Parameters<FomanticInitFunction>) {
 
 // make the item has role=option/menuitem, add an id if there wasn't one yet, make items as non-focusable
 // the elements inside the dropdown menu item should not be focusable, the focus should always be on the dropdown primary element.
-function updateMenuItem(dropdown: HTMLElement, item: HTMLElement) {
+function updateMenuItem(dropdown: AriaDropdownElement, item: HTMLElement) {
   if (!item.id) item.id = generateElemId('_aria_dropdown_item_');
-  item.setAttribute('role', (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].listItemRole);
+  item.setAttribute('role', dropdown[ariaPatchKey].listItemRole);
   item.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');
   for (const el of item.querySelectorAll('a, input, button')) el.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');
 }
@@ -69,15 +78,15 @@ function updateSelectionLabel(label: HTMLElement) {
   }
 }
 
-function onDropdownAfterFiltered(this: any) {
-  const $dropdown = $(this).closest('.ui.dropdown'); // "this" can be the "ui dropdown" or "<select>"
+function onDropdownAfterFiltered(this: HTMLElement) {
+  const $dropdown = $(this).closest<AriaDropdownElement>('.ui.dropdown'); // "this" can be the "ui dropdown" or "<select>"
   const hideEmptyDividers = $dropdown.dropdown('setting', 'hideDividers') === 'empty';
   const itemsMenu = $dropdown[0].querySelector('.scrolling.menu') || $dropdown[0].querySelector('.menu');
   if (hideEmptyDividers && itemsMenu) hideScopedEmptyDividers(itemsMenu);
 }
 
 // delegate the dropdown's template functions and callback functions to add aria attributes.
-function delegateDropdownModule($dropdown: any) {
+function delegateDropdownModule($dropdown: JQueryElem<AriaDropdownElement>) {
   const dropdownCall = fomanticDropdownFn.bind($dropdown);
 
   // the "template" functions are used for dynamic creation (eg: AJAX)
@@ -104,9 +113,18 @@ function delegateDropdownModule($dropdown: any) {
     return $label;
   });
 
+  // some close paths fire no DOM event (Escape, programmatic hide, synthetic click) and call sites
+  // replace the "onHide" setting, so wrap the internal hide that every close path goes through
+  const dropdownHideOld = dropdownCall('internal', 'hide');
+  dropdownCall('internal', 'hide', function(this: unknown, ...args: unknown[]) {
+    const ret = dropdownHideOld.apply(this, args);
+    $dropdown[0][ariaPatchKey].deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem();
+    return ret;
+  });
+
   const oldSet = dropdownCall('internal', 'set');
   const oldSetDirection = oldSet.direction;
-  oldSet.direction = function($menu: any) {
+  oldSet.direction = function($menu?: JQueryElem) {
     oldSetDirection.call(this, $menu);
     const classNames = dropdownCall('setting', 'className');
     $menu = $menu || $dropdown.find('> .menu');
@@ -122,7 +140,7 @@ function delegateDropdownModule($dropdown: any) {
 }
 
 // for static dropdown elements (generated by server-side template), prepare them with necessary aria attributes
-function attachStaticElements(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HTMLElement) {
+function attachStaticElements(dropdown: AriaDropdownElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HTMLElement) {
   // prepare static dropdown menu list popup
   if (!menu.id) {
     menu.id = generateElemId('_aria_dropdown_menu_');
@@ -131,7 +149,7 @@ function attachStaticElements(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, men
   $(menu).find('> .item').each((_, item) => updateMenuItem(dropdown, item));
 
   // this role could only be changed after its content is ready, otherwise some browsers+readers (like Chrome+AppleVoice) crash
-  menu.setAttribute('role', (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].listPopupRole);
+  menu.setAttribute('role', dropdown[ariaPatchKey].listPopupRole);
 
   // prepare selection label items
   for (const label of dropdown.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>('.ui.label')) {
@@ -139,8 +157,8 @@ function attachStaticElements(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, men
   }
 
   // make the primary element (focusable) aria-friendly
-  focusable.setAttribute('role', focusable.getAttribute('role') ?? (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].focusableRole);
-  focusable.setAttribute('aria-haspopup', (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].listPopupRole);
+  focusable.setAttribute('role', focusable.getAttribute('role') ?? dropdown[ariaPatchKey].focusableRole);
+  focusable.setAttribute('aria-haspopup', dropdown[ariaPatchKey].listPopupRole);
   focusable.setAttribute('aria-controls', menu.id);
   focusable.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
 
@@ -151,9 +169,7 @@ function attachStaticElements(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, men
   }
 }
 
-function attachInitElements(dropdown: HTMLElement) {
-  (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey] = {};
-
+function attachInitElements(dropdown: AriaDropdownElement) {
   // Dropdown has 2 different focusing behaviors
   // * with search input: the input is focused, and it works with aria-activedescendant pointing another sibling element.
   // * without search input (but the readonly text), the dropdown itself is focused. then the aria-activedescendant points to the element inside dropdown
@@ -191,15 +207,17 @@ function attachInitElements(dropdown: HTMLElement) {
   // Since #19861 we have prepared the "combobox" solution, but didn't get enough time to put it into practice and test before.
   const isComboBox = dropdown.querySelectorAll('input').length > 0;
 
-  (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].focusableRole = isComboBox ? 'combobox' : 'menu';
-  (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].listPopupRole = isComboBox ? 'listbox' : '';
-  (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].listItemRole = isComboBox ? 'option' : 'menuitem';
+  dropdown[ariaPatchKey] = {
+    focusableRole: isComboBox ? 'combobox' : 'menu',
+    listPopupRole: isComboBox ? 'listbox' : '',
+    listItemRole: isComboBox ? 'option' : 'menuitem',
+    deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem: attachDomEvents(dropdown, focusable, menu),
+  };
 
-  attachDomEvents(dropdown, focusable, menu);
   attachStaticElements(dropdown, focusable, menu);
 }
 
-function attachDomEvents(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HTMLElement) {
+function attachDomEvents(dropdown: AriaDropdownElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HTMLElement) {
   // when showing, it has class: ".animating.in"
   // when hiding, it has class: ".visible.animating.out"
   const isMenuVisible = () => (menu.classList.contains('visible') && !menu.classList.contains('out')) || menu.classList.contains('in');
@@ -216,7 +234,7 @@ function attachDomEvents(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HT
     // if the popup is visible and has an active/selected item, use its id as aria-activedescendant
     if (menuVisible) {
       focusable.setAttribute('aria-activedescendant', active.id);
-    } else if ((dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].listPopupRole === 'menu') {
+    } else if (dropdown[ariaPatchKey].focusableRole === 'menu') {
       // for menu, when the popup is hidden, no need to keep the aria-activedescendant, and clear the active/selected item
       focusable.removeAttribute('aria-activedescendant');
       active.classList.remove('active', 'selected');
@@ -242,7 +260,6 @@ function attachDomEvents(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HT
   // when the popup is hiding, it's better to have a small "delay", because there is a Fomantic UI animation
   // without the delay for hiding, the UI will be somewhat laggy and sometimes may get stuck in the animation.
   const deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem = (delay = 0) => { setTimeout(refreshAriaActiveItem, delay) };
-  (dropdown as any)[ariaPatchKey].deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem = deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem;
   dropdown.addEventListener('keyup', (e) => { if (e.key.startsWith('Arrow')) deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem(); });
 
   // if the dropdown has been opened by focus, do not trigger the next click event again.
@@ -279,6 +296,8 @@ function attachDomEvents(dropdown: HTMLElement, focusable: HTMLElement, menu: HT
     }
     ignoreClickPreEvents = ignoreClickPreVisible = 0;
   }, {capture: true});
+
+  return deferredRefreshAriaActiveItem;
 }
 
 // Although Fomantic Dropdown supports "hideDividers", it doesn't really work with our "scoped dividers"
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts
index d383b10ff4b..58fdb3d6905 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/modal.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type {FomanticInitFunction} from '../../types.ts';
+import type {FomanticInitFunction, JQueryElem} from '../../types.ts';
 import {queryElems} from '../../utils/dom.ts';
 import {hideToastsFrom} from '../toast.ts';
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export function initAriaModalPatch() {
 
 // the patched `$.fn.modal` modal function
 // * it does the one-time attaching on the first call
-function ariaModalFn(this: any, ...args: Parameters<FomanticInitFunction>) {
+function ariaModalFn(this: JQueryElem, ...args: Parameters<FomanticInitFunction>) {
   const ret = fomanticModalFn.apply(this, args);
   if (args[0] === 'show' || args[0]?.autoShow) {
     for (const el of this) {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ function ariaModalFn(this: any, ...args: Parameters<FomanticInitFunction>) {
   return ret;
 }
 
-function onModalBeforeHidden(this: any) {
+function onModalBeforeHidden(this: HTMLElement) {
   const $modal = $(this);
   const elModal = $modal[0];
   hideToastsFrom(elModal.closest('.ui.dimmer') ?? document.body);
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ function onModalBeforeHidden(this: any) {
   }, 0);
 }
 
-function onModalApproveDefault(this: any) {
+function onModalApproveDefault(this: HTMLElement) {
   const $modal = $(this);
   const selectors = $modal.modal('setting', 'selector');
   const elModal = $modal[0];
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts
index c4eb1d75e90..2cb02126683 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/transition.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export function initFomanticTransition() {
     'set duration', 'save conditions', 'restore conditions',
   ]);
   // stand-in for removed transition module
-  $.fn.transition = function (arg0: any, arg1: any, arg2: any) {
+  $.fn.transition = function (arg0: any, arg1?: number, arg2?: (this: HTMLElement) => void) {
     if (arg0 === 'is supported') return true;
     if (arg0 === 'is animating') return false;
     if (arg0 === 'is inward') return false;
diff --git a/web_src/js/render/plugin.ts b/web_src/js/render/plugin.ts
index 368c73dea36..a259017129e 100644
--- a/web_src/js/render/plugin.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/render/plugin.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 export type InplaceRenderPlugin = {
   name: string;
   canHandle: (filename: string, mimeType: string) => boolean;
-  render: (container: HTMLElement, fileUrl: string, options?: any) => Promise<void>;
+  render: (container: HTMLElement, fileUrl: string) => Promise<void>;
 };
 
 export type FrontendRenderOptions = {
diff --git a/web_src/js/types.ts b/web_src/js/types.ts
index a3168ca69d3..5793cfd2372 100644
--- a/web_src/js/types.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/types.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export type Mention = {
   avatar: string,
 };
 
-export type RequestData = string | FormData | URLSearchParams | Record<string, any>;
+export type RequestData = FormData | URLSearchParams | Record<string, unknown> | unknown[];
 
 export type RequestOpts = {
   data?: RequestData,
@@ -36,6 +36,16 @@ export type IssuePageInfo = {
   issueDependencySearchType: string,
 };
 
+export type Label = {
+  id: number,
+  name: string,
+  exclusive: boolean,
+  is_archived: boolean,
+  color: string,
+  description: string,
+  url: string,
+};
+
 export type Issue = {
   id: number,
   number: number,
@@ -49,12 +59,18 @@ export type Issue = {
     merged: boolean;
   },
   repository: {
+    id: number,
+    name: string,
+    owner: string,
     full_name: string,
-    html_url: string,
   },
-  labels: Array<string>,
+  labels: Array<Label>,
 };
 
+export type JQueryElem<T extends HTMLElement = HTMLElement> = ReturnType<typeof $<T>>;
+
+export type FomanticApiResponse<T> = {success: boolean, results: T[]};
+
 export type FomanticInitFunction = {
   settings?: Record<string, any>,
   (...args: any[]): any,
diff --git a/web_src/js/utils.test.ts b/web_src/js/utils.test.ts
index 59e7d25d2ad..4a4104fad0f 100644
--- a/web_src/js/utils.test.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/utils.test.ts
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ test('parseIssueHref', () => {
   expect(parseIssueHref('https://example.com/sub/sub2/owner/repo/pulls/1')).toEqual({ownerName: 'owner', repoName: 'repo', pathType: 'pulls', indexString: '1'});
   expect(parseIssueHref('https://example.com/sub/sub2/owner/repo/issues/1?query')).toEqual({ownerName: 'owner', repoName: 'repo', pathType: 'issues', indexString: '1'});
   expect(parseIssueHref('https://example.com/sub/sub2/owner/repo/issues/1#hash')).toEqual({ownerName: 'owner', repoName: 'repo', pathType: 'issues', indexString: '1'});
-  expect(parseIssueHref('')).toEqual({ownerName: undefined, repoName: undefined, type: undefined, index: undefined});
+  expect(parseIssueHref('')).toBeNull();
 });
 
 test('parseRepoOwnerPathInfo', () => {
   expect(parseRepoOwnerPathInfo('/owner/repo/issues/new')).toEqual({ownerName: 'owner', repoName: 'repo'});
   expect(parseRepoOwnerPathInfo('/owner/repo/releases')).toEqual({ownerName: 'owner', repoName: 'repo'});
-  expect(parseRepoOwnerPathInfo('/other')).toEqual({});
+  expect(parseRepoOwnerPathInfo('/other')).toBeNull();
   window.config.appSubUrl = '/sub';
   expect(parseRepoOwnerPathInfo('/sub/owner/repo/issues/new')).toEqual({ownerName: 'owner', repoName: 'repo'});
   expect(parseRepoOwnerPathInfo('/sub/owner/repo/compare/feature/branch-1...fix/branch-2')).toEqual({ownerName: 'owner', repoName: 'repo'});
diff --git a/web_src/js/utils.ts b/web_src/js/utils.ts
index 282f9c2b9ff..6621e570b7f 100644
--- a/web_src/js/utils.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/utils.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export function extname(path: string): string {
 }
 
 /** test whether a variable is an object */
-export function isObject<T = Record<string, any>>(obj: any): obj is T {
+export function isObject(obj: unknown): obj is Record<string, unknown> {
   return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === '[object Object]';
 }
 
@@ -49,17 +49,21 @@ export function stripTags(text: string): string {
   return text;
 }
 
-export function parseIssueHref(href: string): IssuePathInfo {
+export function parseIssueHref(href: string): IssuePathInfo | null {
   // FIXME: it should use pathname and trim the appSubUrl ahead
   const path = (href || '').replace(/[#?].*$/, '');
-  const [_, ownerName, repoName, pathType, indexString] = /([^/]+)\/([^/]+)\/(issues|pulls)\/([0-9]+)/.exec(path) || [];
+  const match = /([^/]+)\/([^/]+)\/(issues|pulls)\/([0-9]+)/.exec(path);
+  if (!match) return null;
+  const [, ownerName, repoName, pathType, indexString] = match;
   return {ownerName, repoName, pathType, indexString};
 }
 
-export function parseRepoOwnerPathInfo(pathname: string): RepoOwnerPathInfo {
+export function parseRepoOwnerPathInfo(pathname: string): RepoOwnerPathInfo | null {
   const appSubUrl = window.config.appSubUrl;
   if (appSubUrl && pathname.startsWith(appSubUrl)) pathname = pathname.substring(appSubUrl.length);
-  const [_, ownerName, repoName] = /([^/]+)\/([^/]+)/.exec(pathname) || [];
+  const match = /([^/]+)\/([^/]+)/.exec(pathname);
+  if (!match) return null;
+  const [, ownerName, repoName] = match;
   return {ownerName, repoName};
 }
 
diff --git a/web_src/js/utils/dom.ts b/web_src/js/utils/dom.ts
index 43133e65f3f..bceda40acc2 100644
--- a/web_src/js/utils/dom.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/utils/dom.ts
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ export function autosize(textarea: HTMLTextAreaElement, {viewportMarginBottom =
   };
 }
 
-export function onInputDebounce(fn: () => Promisable<any>) {
+export function onInputDebounce(fn: () => Promisable<void>) {
   return debounce(fn, 300);
 }
 
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ export function createElementFromHTML<T extends Element>(htmlString: string): T
   return div.firstChild as T;
 }
 
-export function createElementFromAttrs<T extends HTMLElement>(tagName: string, attrs: Record<string, any> | null, ...children: (Node | string)[]): T {
+export function createElementFromAttrs<T extends HTMLElement>(tagName: string, attrs: Record<string, string | number | boolean | null | undefined> | null, ...children: (Node | string)[]): T {
   const el = document.createElement(tagName);
   for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(attrs || {})) {
     if (value === undefined || value === null) continue;
diff --git a/web_src/js/utils/func.ts b/web_src/js/utils/func.ts
index df045379f9e..888ebb0e900 100644
--- a/web_src/js/utils/func.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/utils/func.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export type TimedFunction<T extends (...args: Array<any>) => any> = ((...args: P
 function createTimed<T extends (...args: Array<any>) => any>(func: T, wait: number, leading: boolean, trailing: boolean, isThrottle: boolean): TimedFunction<T> {
   let timer: TimeoutId | null = null;
   let pendingArgs: Parameters<T> | null = null;
-  let resolvers: Array<{resolve: (value: any) => void, reject: (reason: any) => void}> = [];
+  let resolvers: Array<{resolve: (value: Awaited<ReturnType<T>>) => void, reject: (reason: any) => void}> = [];
 
   const invoke = async (args: Parameters<T>): Promise<void> => {
     const settling = resolvers;
diff --git a/web_src/js/utils/match.ts b/web_src/js/utils/match.ts
index 6d25f3d141c..4373fe1568d 100644
--- a/web_src/js/utils/match.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/utils/match.ts
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ export async function matchMention(mentionsUrl: string, queryText: string): Prom
   return sortAndReduce(results);
 }
 
-export async function matchIssue(owner: string, repo: string, issueIndexStr: string, query: string, signal: AbortSignal): Promise<Issue[]> {
+export async function matchIssue(owner: string, repo: string, issueIndexStr: string | undefined, query: string, signal: AbortSignal): Promise<Issue[]> {
   const res = await GET(`${window.config.appSubUrl}/${owner}/${repo}/issues/suggestions?q=${encodeURIComponent(query)}`, {signal});
 
   const issues: Issue[] = await res.json();
-  const issueNumber = parseInt(issueIndexStr);
+  const issueNumber = parseInt(issueIndexStr || '');
 
   // filter out issue with same id
   return issues.filter((i) => i.number !== issueNumber);
diff --git a/web_src/js/utils/time.ts b/web_src/js/utils/time.ts
index 07b23f3b1bb..cceb9ce5c70 100644
--- a/web_src/js/utils/time.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/utils/time.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export type DayDataObject = {
 };
 
 export function fillEmptyStartDaysWithZeroes(startDays: number[], data: DayDataObject): DayData[] {
-  const result: Record<string, any> = {};
+  const result: DayDataObject = {};
 
   for (const startDay of startDays) {
     result[startDay] = data[startDay] || {'week': startDay, 'additions': 0, 'deletions': 0, 'commits': 0};
diff --git a/web_src/js/webcomponents/relative-time.ts b/web_src/js/webcomponents/relative-time.ts
index c920d6c8f7c..e7bff3f5092 100644
--- a/web_src/js/webcomponents/relative-time.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/webcomponents/relative-time.ts
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ function getRelativeTimeUnit(duration: Duration, opts?: {relativeTo?: Date | num
   const rounded = roundToSingleUnit(duration, opts);
   if (rounded.blank) return [0, 'second'];
   for (const unit of unitNames) {
-    const val = (rounded as any)[`${unit}s`];
+    const val = rounded[`${unit}s`];
     if (val) return [val, unit];
   }
   return [0, 'second'];
@@ -420,10 +420,10 @@ class RelativeTime extends HTMLElement {
       duration = emptyDuration;
     }
     const d = duration.blank ? emptyDuration : duration.abs();
-    if (typeof Intl !== 'undefined' && (Intl as any).DurationFormat) {
-      const opts: Record<string, string> = {style};
+    if (typeof Intl !== 'undefined' && Intl.DurationFormat) {
+      const opts: Intl.DurationFormatOptions = {style};
       if (duration.blank) opts.secondsDisplay = 'always';
-      return new (Intl as any).DurationFormat(locale, opts).format({
+      return new Intl.DurationFormat(locale, opts).format({
         years: d.years, months: d.months, weeks: d.weeks, days: d.days,
         hours: d.hours, minutes: d.minutes, seconds: d.seconds,
       });