diff --git a/modules/public/vitedev.go b/modules/public/vitedev.go
index b9bb1dbe82..bf35f1bf8e 100644
--- a/modules/public/vitedev.go
+++ b/modules/public/vitedev.go
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func getViteDevProxy() *httputil.ReverseProxy {
 func ViteDevMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	markLongPolling := routing.MarkLongPolling()
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-		if !isViteDevRequest(req) {
+		if !IsViteDevRequest(req) {
 			next.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
 			return
 		}
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ func viteDevSourceURL(srcPath string) string {
 	return setting.AppSubURL + "/" + srcPath
 }
 
-// isViteDevRequest returns true if the request should be proxied to the Vite dev server.
+// IsViteDevRequest returns true if the request should be proxied to the Vite dev server.
 // Ref: Vite source packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts and packages/vite/src/shared/constants.ts
-func isViteDevRequest(req *http.Request) bool {
+func IsViteDevRequest(req *http.Request) bool {
 	if req.Header.Get("Upgrade") == "websocket" {
 		wsProtocol := req.Header.Get("Sec-WebSocket-Protocol")
 		return wsProtocol == "vite-hmr" || wsProtocol == "vite-ping"
diff --git a/modules/web/router.go b/modules/web/router.go
index 66d6ae8e0c..03b4cf03e2 100644
--- a/modules/web/router.go
+++ b/modules/web/router.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"gitea.dev/modules/htmlutil"
+	"gitea.dev/modules/public"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/reqctx"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/setting"
 	"gitea.dev/modules/web/middleware"
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ func (r *Router) normalizeRequestPath(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Reques
 			normalizedPath = "/" + remainingPath
 		} else if normalizedPath == setting.AppSubURL {
 			normalizedPath = "/"
-		} else if !strings.HasPrefix(normalizedPath+"/", "/v2/") {
+		} else if !strings.HasPrefix(normalizedPath+"/", "/v2/") && !public.IsViteDevRequest(req) {
 			// do not respond to other requests, to simulate a real sub-path environment
 			resp.Header().Add("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
 			resp.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue b/web_src/js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue
index c8764d4bc2..efd2c79e9b 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/ActionRunSummaryView.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import WorkflowGraph from './WorkflowGraph.vue';
-import type {ActionRunViewStore} from "./ActionRunView.ts";
-import {computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, toRefs} from "vue";
+import type {ActionRunViewStore} from './ActionRunView.ts';
+import {computed, onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, toRefs} from 'vue';
+import {trString} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
 
 defineOptions({
   name: 'ActionRunSummaryView',
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ const triggerUser = computed(() => {
 
 const triggerLabel = computed(() => {
   if (isRerun.value) return locale.rerunTriggered;
-  return locale.triggeredVia.replace('%s', run.value.triggerEvent);
+  return trString(locale.triggeredVia, run.value.triggerEvent);
 });
 
 const artifactsDisplay = computed(() => props.artifactCount > 0 ? String(props.artifactCount) : '–');
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue b/web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue
index e956c4ceda..5f0f09018f 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/RepoActionView.vue
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import ActionRunJobView from './ActionRunJobView.vue';
 import type {ActionsJob, ActionsRunAttempt} from '../modules/gitea-actions.ts';
 import {buildJobsByParentJobID, createActionRunViewStore} from './ActionRunView.ts';
 import {buildArtifactTooltipHtml} from './ActionRunArtifacts.ts';
+import {trString} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
 
 defineOptions({
   name: 'RepoActionView',
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ function approveRun() {
 }
 
 async function deleteArtifact(name: string) {
-  if (!window.confirm(locale.confirmDeleteArtifact.replace('%s', name))) return;
+  if (!window.confirm(trString(locale.confirmDeleteArtifact, name))) return;
   await DELETE(buildArtifactLink(name));
   await store.forceReloadCurrentRun();
 }
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/RepoBranchTagSelector.vue b/web_src/js/components/RepoBranchTagSelector.vue
index 7c41ebf4dd..41326095c6 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/RepoBranchTagSelector.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/RepoBranchTagSelector.vue
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {showErrorToast} from '../modules/toast.ts';
 import {GET} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
 import {pathEscapeSegments} from '../utils/url.ts';
 import type {GitRefType} from '../types.ts';
+import {trString} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
 
 type ListItem = {
   selected: boolean;
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ export default defineComponent({
   },
 
   methods: {
+    trString,
     selectItem(item: ListItem) {
       this.menuVisible = false;
       if (this.refFormActionTemplate) {
@@ -261,11 +263,11 @@ export default defineComponent({
         <div class="item" v-if="showCreateNewRef" :class="{active: activeItemIndex === filteredItems.length}" :ref="'listItem' + filteredItems.length" @click="createNewRef()">
           <div v-if="selectedTab === 'tags'">
             <svg-icon name="octicon-tag" class="tw-mr-1"/>
-            <span v-text="textCreateTag.replace('%s', searchTerm)"/>
+            <span v-text="trString(textCreateTag, searchTerm)"/>
           </div>
           <div v-else>
             <svg-icon name="octicon-git-branch" class="tw-mr-1"/>
-            <span v-text="textCreateBranch.replace('%s', searchTerm)"/>
+            <span v-text="trString(textCreateBranch, searchTerm)"/>
           </div>
           <div class="tw-text-xs">
             {{ textCreateRefFrom.replace('%s', currentRefShortName) }}
diff --git a/web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue b/web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue
index 8da4351a50..8bcb2e5b73 100644
--- a/web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue
+++ b/web_src/js/components/WorkflowGraph.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {SvgIcon} from '../svg.ts';
 import ActionStatusIcon from './ActionStatusIcon.vue';
 import {localUserSettings} from '../modules/user-settings.ts';
 import {isPlainClick} from '../utils/dom.ts';
-import {trN} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
+import {trN, trString} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
 import {debounce} from '../utils/func.ts';
 import type {ActionsJob} from '../modules/gitea-actions.ts';
 import type {ActionRunViewStore} from './ActionRunView.ts';
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ const successRateLabel = computed(() => {
 const graphStats = computed(() => [
   trN(props.jobs.length, props.locale.graphJobsCount1, props.locale.graphJobsCountN),
   trN(edges.value.length, props.locale.graphDependenciesCount1, props.locale.graphDependenciesCountN),
-  props.locale.graphSuccessRate.replace('%s', successRateLabel.value),
+  trString(props.locale.graphSuccessRate, successRateLabel.value),
 ].join(' • '));
 
 const minScale = 0.3;
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/heatmap.ts b/web_src/js/features/heatmap.ts
index 4102ed6726..529cf59961 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/heatmap.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/heatmap.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import {createApp} from 'vue';
 import {translateMonth, translateDay} from '../utils.ts';
 import {GET} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
+import {trString} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
 
 type HeatmapResponse = {
   heatmapData: Array<[number, number]>; // [[1617235200, 2]] = [unix timestamp, count]
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ export async function initHeatmap() {
     });
 
     const totalFormatted = totalContributions.toLocaleString();
-    const textTotalContributions = el.getAttribute('data-locale-total-contributions')!.replace('%s', totalFormatted);
+    const textTotalContributions = trString(el.getAttribute('data-locale-total-contributions')!, totalFormatted);
 
     // last heatmap tooltip localization attempt https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/24131/commits/a83761cbbae3c2e3b4bced71e680f44432073ac8
     const locale = {
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts b/web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts
index e955e3354e..0633b0a457 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/pull-view-file.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import {diffTreeStore, diffTreeStoreSetViewed} from '../modules/diff-file.ts';
 import {setFileFolding} from './file-fold.ts';
 import {POST} from '../modules/fetch.ts';
+import {trString} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
 
 const {pageData} = window.config;
 // it is undefined on most pages, fortunately, when it is accessed by the related functions, it exists
@@ -15,9 +16,8 @@ function refreshViewedFilesSummary() {
   const viewedFilesProgress = document.querySelector('#viewed-files-summary')!;
   viewedFilesProgress.setAttribute('value', String(prReview.numberOfViewedFiles));
   const summaryLabel = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>('#viewed-files-summary-label')!;
-  summaryLabel.textContent = summaryLabel.getAttribute('data-text-changed-template')!
-    .replace('%[1]d', String(prReview.numberOfViewedFiles))
-    .replace('%[2]d', String(prReview.numberOfFiles));
+  const trText = summaryLabel.getAttribute('data-text-changed-template')!;
+  summaryLabel.textContent = trString(trText, prReview.numberOfViewedFiles, prReview.numberOfFiles);
 }
 
 // Initializes a listener for viewed-file checkboxes
diff --git a/web_src/js/features/repo-branch.ts b/web_src/js/features/repo-branch.ts
index c24965fbd8..befcebfc48 100644
--- a/web_src/js/features/repo-branch.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/features/repo-branch.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import {toggleElem} from '../utils/dom.ts';
 import {showFomanticModal} from '../modules/fomantic/modal.ts';
+import {trString} from '../modules/i18n.ts';
 
 export function initRepoBranchButton() {
   initRepoCreateBranchButton();
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ function initRepoRenameBranchButton() {
       toggleElem(warn, el.getAttribute('data-is-default-branch') === 'true');
 
       const text = modal.querySelector('[data-rename-branch-to]')!;
-      text.textContent = text.getAttribute('data-rename-branch-to')!.replace('%s', oldBranchName);
+      text.textContent = trString(text.getAttribute('data-rename-branch-to')!, oldBranchName);
     });
   }
 }
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
index 93bc89728c..17c418f492 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/fomantic/dropdown.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type {FomanticInitFunction} from '../../types.ts';
 import {generateElemId, queryElems} from '../../utils/dom.ts';
+import {trString} from '../i18n.ts';
 
 const ariaPatchKey = '_giteaAriaPatchDropdown';
 const fomanticDropdownFn = $.fn.dropdown;
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ function updateSelectionLabel(label: HTMLElement) {
   const deleteIcon = label.querySelector('.delete.icon');
   if (deleteIcon) {
     deleteIcon.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'false');
-    deleteIcon.setAttribute('aria-label', window.config.i18n.remove_label_str.replace('%s', label.getAttribute('data-value')!));
+    deleteIcon.setAttribute('aria-label', trString(window.config.i18n.remove_label_str, label.getAttribute('data-value')!));
     deleteIcon.setAttribute('role', 'button');
   }
 }
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/i18n.test.ts b/web_src/js/modules/i18n.test.ts
index de667c888a..4bb10f763a 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/i18n.test.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/i18n.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {trN} from './i18n.ts';
+import {trN, trString} from './i18n.ts';
 
 test('trN', () => {
   expect(trN(0, '%d job', '%d jobs', {lang: 'en-US'})).toEqual('0 jobs');
@@ -8,3 +8,10 @@ test('trN', () => {
   // languages without a distinct singular always use the plural form
   expect(trN(1, '%d job', '%d jobs', {lang: 'zh-CN'})).toEqual('1 jobs');
 });
+
+test('trString', () => {
+  expect(trString('from %s to %d', 'main', 12)).toBe('from main to 12');
+  expect(trString('from %[1]s to %[2]d', 'main', 12)).toBe('from main to 12');
+  expect(trString('from %s to %[2]d', 'main', 12)).toBe('from main to 12');
+  expect(trString('from %s to %[3]d', 'main', 12)).toBe('from main to %[3]d');
+});
diff --git a/web_src/js/modules/i18n.ts b/web_src/js/modules/i18n.ts
index 8ec3ef13bc..da1f2f5234 100644
--- a/web_src/js/modules/i18n.ts
+++ b/web_src/js/modules/i18n.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,21 @@ import {getCurrentLocale} from '../utils.ts';
 
 /** frontend `Locale.TrN`: pick the `_1` or `_n` form for `count` and interpolate `%d` */
 export function trN(count: number, form1: string, formN: string, {lang = getCurrentLocale()}: {lang?: string} = {}): string {
-  const form = new Intl.PluralRules(lang).select(count) === 'one' ? form1 : formN;
-  return form.replace('%d', String(count));
+  const text = new Intl.PluralRules(lang).select(count) === 'one' ? form1 : formN;
+  return trString(text, String(count));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fills variables in a translated string (like TrString in Golang)
+ * Only `%s`, `%d` or one-based position like `%[1]s` are supported.
+ */
+export function trString(s: string, ...args: Array<string | number>) {
+  // the same behavior (almost) as backend TrString
+  let curIdx = 0;
+  return s.replace(/%%|%(?:\[([1-9]\d*)\])?([sd])/g, (match, indexed: string) => {
+    if (match === '%%') return '%';
+    const argIndex = indexed ? Number(indexed) - 1 : curIdx++;
+    if (argIndex < 0 || argIndex >= args.length) return match;
+    return String(args[argIndex]);
+  });
 }